• Crowdsourcing 

      Baltzersen, Rolf Kristian (Chapter, 2022)
      Chapter 2 describes crowdsourcing, a process where problems are sent outside an organization to a large group of people—a crowd—who can help provide solutions. Online citizen science and online innovation contests are of ...
    • Human Swarm Problem Solving 

      Baltzersen, Rolf Kristian (Chapter, 2022)
      Chapter 4 discusses human swarm problem solving as a distinct subtype of CI with biological antecedents in nest siting among honeybees and flocking behavior. Building on recent biological research, this chapter discusses ...
    • Open Online Knowledge Sharing 

      Baltzersen, Rolf Kristian (Chapter, 2022)
      Chapter 3 addresses open online knowledge sharing. Open sharing is becoming more important in all major sectors in society, including science, politics, education and innovation, knowledge products (videos, textbooks and ...
    • What Is Collective Intelligence? 

      Baltzersen, Rolf Kristian (Chapter, 2022)
      Chapter 1 introduces collective intelligence (CI) as an academic concept. At a basic level, CI extends the conception of intelligence from an individual to a group level. Pierre Lévy formulated the modern version in 1994, ...